Insertion Devices

The insertion Devices (ID) group is responsible for the design, development, and operation of Insertion Devices for the different beamlines at MAX IV Laboratory. Each beamline is fed by an insertion device, undulator, or wiggler, which consists of an array of permanent magnets that provide an alternating static magnetic field that forces the electron beam to oscillate and thus radiate photon beam. The different IDs cover photon energy range from VUV to hard X-rays at the three accelerators at MAX IV, the low emittance 3 GeV ring, the 1.5 GeV ring, and the 3 GeV linear accelerator as a source for short pulses.

1. Out-of-vacuum undulators for VUV and Soft X-ray production. It consists of six APPLE II undulators built in-house, one APPLE II, and one planar undulator transferred and refurbished from the MAX II ring.

2. In-vacuum undulators (IVU) and wiggler (IVW) for hard X-rays production. Six IVU’s and one IVW at the 3 GeV ring and two IVU’s at the Short Pulse Facility (SPF).

Insertion Devices Portfolio – Energy Range

Accelerator	Beamline name	ID Type	Period Length [mm]	Length [m]	K-eff value	Gap [mm]
3 GeV ring	BioMAX*	IVU	18	2	2	4.2
3 GeV ring	NanoMAX*	IVU	18	2	2	4.2
3 GeV ring	HIPPIE**	APPLE II	53	4	3.35	11
3 GeV ring	Veritas**		48	4	3.35	11
3 GeV ring	Balder***		50	2	9	4.5
3 GeV ring	CoSAXS*	IVU	19.3	2	2.2	4.2
3 GeV ring	DanMAX*	IVU	16	3	1.66	4
3 GeV ring	SoftiMAX**	APPLE II	48	4	3.35	11
3 GeV ring	ForMAX*	IVU	17	3	1.85	4
3 GeV ring	MicroMAX*	IVU	18	3	2.0	4.2
1.5 GeV ring	Bloch**	Q-APPLE II	84	2.6	8.65	14
1.5 GeV ring	FinEstBeAMS**	APPLE II	95.2	2.6	10.4	14
1.5 GeV ring	SPECIES****	APPLE II	61	2.6	4.85	16
1.5 GeV ring	MAXPEEM**	APPLE II	58	2.6	4.89	14
1.5 GeV ring	FlexPES****	Planar	54.4	2.6	4.2	16
SPF 3 GeV linac	FemtoMAX*	IVU	15	5 x 2	2.2	2.2

*) Built by industry, In-Vacuum Undulators
**) Built in-house, APPLE II
***) Built by a collaboration with SOLEIL synchrotron
****) Transfer from MAX II ring, refurbished and characterized at MAX IV ID magnet lab