A number of LDM sample delivery systems are available at MAX IV (including a molecular jet/cluster source, liquid microjets, magnetron based source for metal particle beams, an aerodynamic lens sample delivery system) and more are under development (liquid flat jet setup – monitor this page for more details).
Molecular jet source / Cluster source
This sample delivery system delivers a continuous beam of atoms/molecules/clusters. Since the source is shared with other LDM beamlines, it is essential to discuss the availability and status with the LDM team or beamline staff well in advance. Note: an online booking procedure is planned for the future (information regarding this will be provided in due course).
| Description | Adiabatic expansion source with cylindrical sample reservoir. Reservoir heating and nozzle heating possible. |
| Manipulator | Z-travel 400 mm, XY ±12.5 mm |
| Nozzles | Cu nozzles, typical opening diameter for a conical nozzle 150 µm (50-100 µm diameters flat nozzles are feasible) |
| Temperature | Sample heating up to 150 °C possible |
| Samples | Gaseous and Aqueous (for evaporation). All samples must be declared; aggressive, flammable or toxic samples may be denied |
| Seeding | Possible: Via co-expansion |
| Vacuum | Ancillary chamber with 2 x ATH 500M (500 l/s) turbo pumps and ACP40 GCV forevacuum pump. Manipulator with sample rod is mounted, and an additional liquid nitrogen cold trap is planned |
| Operational mode | Continuous beam |
| Differential pumping | Modular differential pumping setup with double skimmer (Cu skimmers, 50 µm – 1 cm in diameter) arrangement and 3 x 67 l/s turbo pumps |
| Compatible beamlines / end stations | FlexPES, FinEstBeAMS, ICE |
Liquid microjet source
FlexPES
Sketch of new differential pumping insert for the liquid jet experiment at FlexPES:
| Manipulator | Z-travel 400 mm, XY ±12.5 mm |
| Nozzles | Quartz glass nozzles, typical opening diameter 20-25 µm (10-50 µm diameters are feasible). 30-40 µm available. |
| Liquid delivery | HPLC pump, stainless steel cylinder, typical flows 0.5 - 1 ml/min; PEEK tubing and filters, DEGASi PLUS Semi-Prep 4-ch 925μl degasser. |
| Temperature | Jacket with flowing liquid surrounding sample delivery tube for cooling/heating. Polyscience SD07R-20 chiller. |
| Samples | Aqueous solutions in particular, but other solvents possible (pending approval by MAX IV chemical safety group). Samples must be conductive to some degree to allow electron spectroscopy; ion concentration needed depends on species. All samples must be declared; aggressive, flammable or toxic samples may be denied. |
| Disposal | Sample caught in liquid nitrogen trap for subsequent disposal; no recycling possible |
| Vacuum | Ancillary chamber with 2x HiPace1500C (1450 l/s) turbo pumps, where manipulator with sample rod is mounted, and additional liquid nitrogen cold trap. |
| Compatible beamlines / end stations | FlexPES, FinEstBeAMS, ... |
Veritas
| Manipulator | Z-travel 400 mm, XY ±12.5 mm |
| Nozzles | Quartz glass nozzles, typical opening diameter 20-25 µm (10-50 µm diameters are feasible). 30-40 µm available. |
| Liquid delivery | Typical flows: 0.6 ml/min flow with 30um diameter nozzle (pure water). In commissioning; PEEK tubing and filters. DEGASi PLUS Semi-Prep 4-ch 925μl degasser. |
| Temperature | Polyscience SD07R-20 chiller. |
| Samples | other solvents possible (pending approval by MAX IV chemical safety group). Samples must be conductive to some degree to allow electron spectroscopy; ion concentration needed depends on species. All samples must be declared; aggressive, flammable or toxic samples may be denied. |
| Disposal | Sample caught in liquid nitrogen trap for subsequent disposal; recycling option available in the future |
| Vacuum | Main chamber: Pfeiffer Hipace300 (260l/s) and/or Pfeiffer Hipace700 (658l/s). Forevacuum pump: Dry multistage roots pump Pfeiffer ACP 28 or 40. Differential pumping chamber: Pfeiffer Hipace80 (67l/s), Forevacuum pump: Dry multistage roots pump Pfeiffer ACP 28 or 40. |
| Compatible beamlines/end stations | Veritas, FinEstBeAMS... |
HIPPIE
| Manipulator | motorized (for jet and catcher) |
| Nozzles | Quartz glass nozzles, typical opening diameter 15 and 25 µm. 30-40 µm available. |
| Liquid delivery | HPLC pump, stainless steel cylinder, typical flow rate will be updated soon; PEEK tubing and filters, Capillary mixing of 2 liquids is available. Liquids can be degassed in a separated vacuum chamber pumped by a forevaccum pump. |
| Temperature | Jet manipulator has heating/cooling jacket. The catcher can also be heated and cooled. |
| Samples | Use of solvents depends upon approval by MAX IV chemical safety group. Samples must be conductive to some degree to allow electron spectroscopy; ion concentration needed depends on species. All samples must be declared; aggressive, flammable or toxic samples may be denied. |
| Disposal | Catcher, which must be emptied periodically |
| Vacuum | Large volume vacuum vessel with two manipulators. Top manipulator holds the microjet; bottom manipulator holds the catcher (300 ml). Cell access is done via 300 mm front "door" (load-lock style). Vessel is equipped with halogen lamps for homogenous environment heating. Base pressure: 1e-5 mbar (not bakeable) Pressure range: 1e-5 mbar – 30 mbar. Jet operates at equilibrium liquid pressure (24 mbar for water at RT). |
| Compatible beamlines/end stations | HIPPIE |
Aerodynamic Lens Sample Delivery System
| Description of aerodynamic lens system: | Aerodynamic particle sampling lens for PM 1 (Aerodyne Research Inc.) |
| Aerosol sampling inlet transmission range | 40nm - 1um |
| Critical orifice | 100um |
| Manipulator | Z-travel 400 mm, XY ±12.5 mm |
| Samples | Commissioned with salt aerosols and nanoparticles. |
| Operating pressure | ~1mbar |
| Vacuum | Ancillary chamber with 1 x ATH 2303M (2150 l/s) turbo pump |
| Operational mode | Continuous |
| Differential pumping | Modular differential pumping setup. Single/double skimmer arrangement possible (Cu skimmers, 1mm orifice diameter) and 3 x HiPace80 (67 l/s) turbo pumps. |
| Accessories (currently planned) | Constant Output Atomizer and Diffusion Dryer (non-cobalt) from TSI Inc. |
| Compatible beamlines / end stations | FinEstBeAMS (commissioning planned for FlexPES). |
| Status | Available to general users!! In advance of submitting a proposal, please consult with the LDM team or the FinEstBeAMS BL manager concerning potential samples. All samples must be declared; Aggressive, flammable or toxic samples may be denied. |
